What does _single , _pair, and _triple do?

i see
from torch.modules.utils import _single, _pair, _triple

what does _pair , _single , and _triple, do?

These are internal methods (marked via the underscore at the beginning), which repeat some arguments if necessary.
E.g. for nn.Conv2d you can pass the kernel_size as a single integer or as a tuple.
In the former case, the tuple will be created via _pair in this line of code.
So it’s used for convenience, otherwise you would have to specify the complete shapes for each argument.

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