Most likely local cache is corrupted, clean it and try downloading again. Correct sha256 for this file is indeed f44c7b64d990a6b1a382d1cd63c359806153974e7db8d16f6780645a8a9c9fe0:
$ curl -OL https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118/torch-2.3.1%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2549M 100 2549M 0 0 376M 0 0:00:06 0:00:06 --:--:-- 376M
$ sha256sum torch-2.3.1%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
f44c7b64d990a6b1a382d1cd63c359806153974e7db8d16f6780645a8a9c9fe0 torch-2.3.1%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl